Deploying Presto#

使用官方文档安装presto。

Requirements#

Linux Operating System#

• 64-bit required

• newer release preferred, especially when running on containers

• adequate ulimits for the user that runs the Presto process. These limits may depend on the specific Linux distribution you are using. The number of open file descriptors needed for a particular Presto instance scales as roughly the number of machines in the cluster, times some factor depending on the workload. We recommend the following limits, which can typically be set in /etc/security/limits.conf:

presto soft nofile 131072
presto hard nofile 131072

Java Runtime Environment#

Presto requires a 64-bit version of Java 11, with a minimum required version of 11.0.7. Newer patch versions such as 11.0.8 or 11.0.9 are recommended. Earlier patch versions such as 11.0.2 do not work, nor will earlier major versions such as Java 8. Newer major versions such as Java 12 or 13 are not supported – they may work, but are not tested.

We recommend using Azul Zulu as the JDK for Presto, as Presto is tested against that distribution. Zulu is also the JDK used by the Presto Docker image.

Python#

• version 2.6.x, 2.7.x, or 3.x
• required by the bin/launcher script only

Installing Presto#

Download the Presto server tarball, presto-server-347.tar.gz, and unpack it. The tarball contains a single top-level directory, presto-server-347, which we call the installation directory.

Presto needs a data directory for storing logs, etc. We recommend creating a data directory outside of the installation directory, which allows it to be easily preserved when upgrading Presto.

Configuring Presto#

Create an etc directory inside the installation directory. This holds the following configuration:

• Node Properties: environmental configuration specific to each node
• JVM Config: command line options for the Java Virtual Machine
• Config Properties: configuration for the Presto server
• Catalog Properties: configuration for Connectors (data sources)

Node Properties#

The node properties file, etc/node.properties, contains configuration specific to each node. A node is a single installed instance of Presto on a machine. This file is typically created by the deployment system when Presto is first installed. The following is a minimal etc/node.properties:

node.environment=production
node.id=ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff
node.data-dir=/var/presto/data

The above properties are described below:

• node.environment: The name of the environment. All Presto nodes in a cluster must have the same environment name. The name must start with an alphanumeric character and only contain alphanumeric, -, or _ characters.
• node.id: The unique identifier for this installation of Presto. This must be unique for every node. This identifier should remain consistent across reboots or upgrades of Presto. If running multiple installations of Presto on a single machine (i.e. multiple nodes on the same machine), each installation must have a unique identifier. The identifier must start with an alphanumeric character and only contain alphanumeric, -, or _ characters.
• node.data-dir: The location (filesystem path) of the data directory. Presto stores logs and other data here.

JVM Config#

The JVM config file, etc/jvm.config, contains a list of command line options used for launching the Java Virtual Machine. The format of the file is a list of options, one per line. These options are not interpreted by the shell, so options containing spaces or other special characters should not be quoted.

The following provides a good starting point for creating etc/jvm.config:

-server
-Xmx16G
-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
-XX:+UseG1GC
-XX:G1HeapRegionSize=32M
-XX:+ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent
-XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=512M
-XX:PerMethodRecompilationCutoff=10000
-XX:PerBytecodeRecompilationCutoff=10000
-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
-Djdk.nio.maxCachedBufferSize=2000000

Because an OutOfMemoryError typically leaves the JVM in an inconsistent state, we write a heap dump, for debugging, and forcibly terminate the process when this occurs.

The temporary directory used by the JVM must allow execution of code. Specifically, the mount must not have the noexec flag set. The default /tmp directory is mounted with this flag in some installations, which prevents Presto from starting. You can workaround this by overriding the temporary directory by adding -Djava.io.tmpdir=/path/to/other/tmpdir to the list of JVM options.

Config Properties#

The config properties file, etc/config.properties, contains the configuration for the Presto server. Every Presto server can function as both a coordinator and a worker, but dedicating a single machine to only perform coordination work provides the best performance on larger clusters.

The following is a minimal configuration for the coordinator:

coordinator=true
node-scheduler.include-coordinator=false
http-server.http.port=8080
query.max-memory=50GB
query.max-memory-per-node=1GB
query.max-total-memory-per-node=2GB
discovery-server.enabled=true
discovery.uri=http://example.net:8080

And this is a minimal configuration for the workers:

coordinator=false
http-server.http.port=8080
query.max-memory=50GB
query.max-memory-per-node=1GB
query.max-total-memory-per-node=2GB
discovery.uri=http://example.net:8080

Alternatively, if you are setting up a single machine for testing, that functions as both a coordinator and worker, use this configuration:

coordinator=true
node-scheduler.include-coordinator=true
http-server.http.port=8080
query.max-memory=5GB
query.max-memory-per-node=1GB
query.max-total-memory-per-node=2GB
discovery-server.enabled=true
discovery.uri=http://example.net:8080

These properties require some explanation:

• coordinator: Allow this Presto instance to function as a coordinator, so to accept queries from clients and manage query execution.
• node-scheduler.include-coordinator: Allow scheduling work on the coordinator. For larger clusters, processing work on the coordinator can impact query performance because the machine’s resources are not available for the critical task of scheduling, managing and monitoring query execution.
• http-server.http.port: Specifies the port for the HTTP server. Presto uses HTTP for all communication, internal and external.
• query.max-memory: The maximum amount of distributed memory, that a query may use.
• query.max-memory-per-node: The maximum amount of user memory, that a query may use on any one machine.
• query.max-total-memory-per-node: The maximum amount of user and system memory, that a query may use on any one machine, where system memory is the memory used during execution by readers, writers, and network buffers, etc.
• discovery-server.enabled: Presto uses the Discovery service to find all the nodes in the cluster. Every Presto instance registers itself with the Discovery service on startup. In order to simplify deployment and avoid running an additional service, the Presto coordinator can run an embedded version of the Discovery service. It shares the HTTP server with Presto and thus uses the same port.
• discovery.uri: The URI to the Discovery server. Because we have enabled the embedded version of Discovery in the Presto coordinator, this should be the URI of the Presto coordinator. Replace example.net:8080 to match the host and port of the Presto coordinator. This URI must not end in a slash.

The above configuration properties are a minimal set to help you get started. Please see Administration and Security for a more comprehensive list. In particular, see Resource Groups for configuring queuing policies.

Log Levels#

The optional log levels file, etc/log.properties, allows setting the minimum log level for named logger hierarchies. Every logger has a name, which is typically the fully qualified name of the class that uses the logger. Loggers have a hierarchy based on the dots in the name, like Java packages. For example, consider the following log levels file:

io.prestosql=INFO

This would set the minimum level to INFO for both io.prestosql.server and io.prestosql.plugin.hive. The default minimum level is INFO, thus the above example does not actually change anything. There are four levels: DEBUG, INFO, WARN and ERROR.

Catalog Properties#

Presto accesses data via connectors, which are mounted in catalogs. The connector provides all of the schemas and tables inside of the catalog. For example, the Hive connector maps each Hive database to a schema. If the Hive connector is mounted as the hive catalog, and Hive contains a table clicks in database web, that table can be accessed in Presto as hive.web.clicks.

Catalogs are registered by creating a catalog properties file in the etc/catalog directory. For example, create etc/catalog/jmx.properties with the following contents to mount the jmx connector as the jmx catalog:

connector.name=jmx

See Connectors for more information about configuring connectors.

Running Presto#

The installation directory contains the launcher script in bin/launcher. Presto can be started as a daemon by running the following:

bin/launcher start

Alternatively, it can be run in the foreground, with the logs and other output written to stdout/stderr. Both streams should be captured if using a supervision system like daemontools:

bin/launcher run

Run the launcher with --help to see the supported commands and command line options. In particular, the --verbose option is very useful for debugging the installation.

The launcher configures default values for the configuration directory etc, configuration files, the data directory var, and log files in the data directory. You can change these values to adjust your Presto usage to any requirements, such as using a directory outside the installation directory, specific mount points or locations, and even using other file names. For example, the Presto RPM adjusts the used directories to better follow the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS).

After starting Presto, you can find log files in the log directory inside the data directory var:

• launcher.log: This log is created by the launcher and is connected to the stdout and stderr streams of the server. It contains a few log messages that occur while the server logging is being initialized, and any errors or diagnostics produced by the JVM.
• server.log: This is the main log file used by Presto. It typically contains the relevant information if the server fails during initialization. It is automatically rotated and compressed.
• http-request.log: This is the HTTP request log which contains every HTTP request received by the server. It is automatically rotated and compressed.