harmony 鸿蒙UI-free Driver Development

2025-06-06
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UI-free Driver Development

When to Use

Basic UI-free drivers are applicable to simple devices that do not require setting of driver capabilities via a UI, such as mouse devices and keyboards. These drivers are designed to ensure that these devices can be used immediately upon connection, enabling seamless plug-and-play functionality. You can use DriverExtensionAbility to develop such applications.

Basic Concepts

DriverExtensionAbility

DriverExtensionAbility is an ExtensionAbility of the driver type that provides the driver-related extension framework. If the capabilities of a device can be expanded by inserting an external hardware module, you can install the driver of the hardware module through an application. You can bind a DriverExtensionAbility object to an application through DriverExtensionManager so that related transactions can be processed in the background based on the application request information. Each type of ExtensionAbility has its own context. The DriverExtensionAbility provides related capabilities through the DriverExtensionContext.

Environment Setup

Before you get started, make necessary preparations by following instructions in Environment Preparation.

How to Develop

To implement a driver, create a DriverExtensionAbility in the DevEco Studio project. The procedure is as follows:

Create an OpenHarmony project. For details, see Creating a Project. (If a project has been created in UI-based Driver Development, skip this step.)
In the ets directory of the project, right-click New > Directory to create a directory named driverextability.
In the driverextability directory, right-click and choose New > ArkTS File to create a file named DriverExtAbility.ets.

Import the related kit, and define the request code.

import { DriverExtensionAbility } from '@kit.DriverDevelopmentKit';
import { Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { rpc } from '@kit.IPCKit';


const REQUEST_CODE = 99; // Negotiate the request code with the peripheral client.

Open the DriverExtAbility.ets file, import the RPC module, and overload the onRemoteMessageRequest() method to receive messages from the application and return the processing result to the application. REQUEST_CODE is used to verify the service request code sent by the application.

class StubTest extends rpc.RemoteObject {
  // Receive a message from the application and return the processing result to the client.
  onRemoteMessageRequest(code: number, data: rpc.MessageSequence, reply: rpc.MessageSequence,
    option: rpc.MessageOption) {
    if (code === REQUEST_CODE) {
      // Receive the data sent from the application.
      // When the application calls data.writeString() multiple times to write data, the driver can receive the corresponding data by calling data.readString() for multiple times.
      let optFir: string = data.readString();
      // The driver returns the data processing result to the application.
      // In the example, Hello is received and Hello World is returned to the application.
      reply.writeString(optFir + ` World`);
    }
    return true;
  }
}

In the DriverExtAbility.ets file, import the dependency package DriverExtensionAbility, which provides the onInit(), onRelease(), onConnect(), and onDisconnect() lifecycle callbacks. Then, customize a class to inherit from DriverExtensionAbility and override the lifecycle callbacks as required.

export default class DriverExtAbility extends DriverExtensionAbility {
  onInit(want: Want) {
    console.info('testTag', `onInit, want: ${want.abilityName}`);
  }


  onRelease() {
    console.info('testTag', `onRelease`);
  }


  onConnect(want: Want) {
    console.info('testTag', `onConnect, want: ${want.abilityName}`);
    return new StubTest("test");
  }


  onDisconnect(want: Want) {
    console.info('testTag', `onDisconnect, want: ${want.abilityName}`);
  }


  onDump(params: Array<string>) {
    console.info('testTag', `onDump, params:` + JSON.stringify(params));
    return ['params'];
  }
}

Register DriverExtensionAbility in the module.json5 file of the module in the project. Set type to service and srcEntry to the code path of DriverExtensionAbility.

{
  "module": {
    "name": "entry",
    "type": "entry",
    "description": "$string:module_desc",
    "mainElement": "EntryAbility",
    "deviceTypes": [
      "default",
      "tablet"
    ],
    "requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.ACCESS_EXTENSIONAL_DEVICE_DRIVER" // Peripheral-specific permission, which is mandatory.
      },
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.ACCESS_DDK_DRIVERS" // Peripheral access permission, which is mandatory in API version 18 or later.
      }
    ],
    "deliveryWithInstall": true,
    "installationFree": false,
    "pages": "$profile:main_pages",
    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets",
        "description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc",
        "icon": "$media:startIcon",
        "label": "$string:EntryAbility_label",
        "startWindowIcon": "$media:startIcon",
        "startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background",
        "exported": true,
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "action.system.home"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "extensionAbilities": [
      {
        "name": "DriverExtAbility",
        "icon": "$media:startIcon",
        "description": "driver",
        "type": "driver",
        "exported": true,
        "srcEntry": "./ets/driverextability/DriverExtAbility.ets",
        "metadata": [
          {
            "name": "bus", // Bus, which is mandatory.
            "value": "USB"
          },
          {
            "name": "desc", // Driver description, which is optional.
            "value": "the sample of driverExtensionAbility"
          },
          {
            "name": "vendor", // Driver vendor name, which is optional.
            "value": "string"
          },
          {
            "name": "vid," // List of USB vendor IDs. Enter a hex value. Here, the value is the hex value of 4817.
            "value": "0x12D1"
          },
          {
            "name": "pid," // List of USB product IDs. Enter a hex value. Here, the value is the hex value of 4258.
            "value": "0x10A2"
          },
          {
            "name": "launchOnBind," // Whether to enable delayed driver startup. This parameter is optional. The value true indicates delayed startup, and the value false indicates immediate startup. The value is false by default if the specified value is incorrect or the value is left unspecified.
            "value": "true"
          },
          {
            "name": "ohos.permission.ACCESS_DDK_ALLOWED," // Whether to allow DDK access. This parameter is optional. The value true indicates that DDK access is allowed, and the value false indicates the opposite. The default value is false.
            "value": "true"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

After completing development of the client and driver sample code, import the HAP to the device by following instructions in Running Your App/Service on a Local Real Device, and run Hello in the HAP to check whether Hello world is displayed. If yes, the IPC communication is ready for use.

Driver Development

Currently, DriverExtensionAbility provides four capabilities: HID DDK, USB DDK, USB serial DDK, and SCSI peripheral DDK, which are used to develop dedicated drivers for extended peripherals. Choose either mode depending on your need:

Application Signing

NOTE
Configure the permission before enabling automatic signing.

You need to configure a signature file for your application to run on a device. Besides, to develop a peripheral driver client, you need to declare the ohos.permission.ACCESS_EXTENSIONAL_DEVICE_DRIVER and ohos.permission.ACCESS_DDK_DRIVERS permissions for the peripheral. - ohos.permission.ACCESS_EXTENSIONAL_DEVICE_DRIVER (This permission is required for API version 10 or later.)

To obtain authorization on this access permission, declare it in the requestPermissions field in the module.json5 file.

ohos.permission.ACCESS_DDK_DRIVERS (This permission is required for API version 18 or later.)
1. Declare the required permissions in the requestPermissions field in the module.json5 file.
2. Modify the acls field in the HarmonyAppProvision configuration file to request permissions via ACL. For details, see Requesting Restricted Permissions.
3. In the HarmonyAppProvision configuration file (that is, Sdk/openharmony/_{Version} _/toolchains /lib/UnsgnedReleasedProfileTemplate.json file), configure the bundle name of the driver server to connect. If there are multiple servers, separate their bundle names with a comma.
The configuration procedure is as follows:

Add the app-services-capabilities node to the root node of the file and configure the node as follows:
```
  "app-services-capabilities": {
    "ohos.permission.ACCESS_DDK_DRIVERS": {"bundleNames": "bundleName0,bundleName1,bundleName2"}
  }
```