harmony 鸿蒙构建食物列表List布局

  • 2022-08-09
  • 浏览 (651)

构建食物列表List布局

使用List组件和ForEach循环渲染,构建食物列表布局。

  1. 在pages目录新建页面FoodCategoryList.ets,将index.ets改名为FoodDetail.ets。

  2. 新建FoodList组件作为页面入口组件,FoodListItem为其子组件。List组件是列表组件,适用于重复同类数据的展示,其子组件为ListItem,适用于展示列表中的单元。 “`ts @Component struct FoodListItem { build() {} }

@Entry @Component struct FoodList { build() { List() { ListItem() { FoodListItem() } } } }


3. 引入FoodData类和initializeOnStartup方法。

应用代码中文件访问方法主要有下面两种:
- **相对路径**:使用相对路径引用代码文件,以"../"访问上一级目录,以"./"访问当前目录,也可以省略不写。
- **绝对路径**:使用当前模块根路径引用代码文件,比如:common/utils/utils。
这里使用相对路径访问:

import { FoodData } from ‘../model/FoodData’ import { initializeOnStartup } from ‘../model/FoodDataModels’


4. FoodList和FoodListItem组件数值传递。在FoodList组件内创建类型为FoodData[]成员变量foodItems,调用initializeOnStartup方法为其赋值。在FoodListItem组件内创建类型为FoodData的成员变量foodItem。将父组件foodItems数组的第一个元素的foodItems[0]作为参数传递给FoodListItem。
   ```ts
   import { FoodData } from '../model/FoodData'
   import { initializeOnStartup } from '../model/FoodDataModels'

   @Component
   struct FoodListItem {
     private foodItem: FoodData
     build() {}
   }

   @Entry
   @Component
   struct FoodList {
     private foodItems: FoodData[] = initializeOnStartup()
     build() {
       List() {
         ListItem() {
           FoodListItem({ foodItem: this.foodItems[0] })
         }
       }
     }
   }
  1. 声明子组件FoodListItem 的UI布局。创建Flex组件,包含食物图片缩略图,食物名称,和食物对应的卡路里。 “`ts import { FoodData } from ‘../model/FoodData’ import { initializeOnStartup } from ‘../model/FoodDataModels’

    @Component struct FoodListItem { private foodItem: FoodData build() { Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) { Image(this.foodItem.image) .objectFit(ImageFit.Contain) .height(40) .width(40) .margin({ right: 16 }) Text(this.foodItem.name) .fontSize(14) .flexGrow(1) Text(this.foodItem.calories + ‘ kcal’) .fontSize(14) } .height(64) .margin({ right: 24, left:32 }) } }

@Entry @Component struct FoodList { private foodItems: FoodData[] = initializeOnStartup() build() { List() { ListItem() { FoodListItem({ foodItem: this.foodItems[0] }) } } } }

   
   
   ![zh-cn_image_0000001204776353](figures/zh-cn_image_0000001204776353.png)
   
6. 创建两个FoodListItem。在List组件创建两个FoodListItem,分别给FoodListItem传递foodItems数组的第一个元素this.foodItems[0]和第二个元素foodItem: this.foodItems[1]。

   ```ts
   import { FoodData } from '../model/FoodData'
   import { initializeOnStartup } from '../model/FoodDataModels'
   
   @Component
   struct FoodListItem {
     private foodItem: FoodData
   
     build() {
       Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) {
         Image(this.foodItem.image)
           .objectFit(ImageFit.Contain)
           .height(40)
           .width(40)
           .margin({ right: 16 })
         Text(this.foodItem.name)
           .fontSize(14)
           .flexGrow(1)
         Text(this.foodItem.calories + ' kcal')
           .fontSize(14)
       }
       .height(64)
       .margin({ right: 24, left: 32 })
     }
   }
   
   @Entry
   @Component
   struct FoodList {
     private foodItems: FoodData[] = initializeOnStartup()
   
     build() {
       List() {
         ListItem() {
           FoodListItem({ foodItem: this.foodItems[0] })
         }
   
         ListItem() {
           FoodListItem({ foodItem: this.foodItems[1] })
         }
       }
     }
   }
  ![zh-cn_image1_0000001204776353](figures/zh-cn_image1_0000001204776353.png)
  1. 单独创建每一个FoodListItem肯定是不合理的,这就需要引入ForEach循环渲染
   import { FoodData } from '../model/FoodData'
   import { initializeOnStartup } from '../model/FoodDataModels'
   
   @Component
   struct FoodListItem {
     private foodItem: FoodData
     build() {
       Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) {
         Image(this.foodItem.image)
           .objectFit(ImageFit.Contain)
           .height(40)
           .width(40)     
           .margin({ right: 16 })
         Text(this.foodItem.name)
           .fontSize(14)
           .flexGrow(1)
         Text(this.foodItem.calories + ' kcal')
           .fontSize(14)
       }
       .height(64)
       .margin({ right: 24, left:32 })
     }
   }
   
   @Entry
   @Component
   struct FoodList {
     private foodItems: FoodData[] = initializeOnStartup()
     build() {
       List() {
         ForEach(this.foodItems, item => {
           ListItem() {
             FoodListItem({ foodItem: item })
           }
         }, item => item.id.toString())
       }
     }
   }
  1. 添加FoodList标题。
   @Entry
   @Component
   struct FoodList {
     private foodItems: FoodData[] = initializeOnStartup()
   
     build() {
       Column() {
         Flex({ justifyContent: FlexAlign.Start, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center }) {
           Text('Food List')
             .fontSize(20)
             .margin({ left: 20 })
         }
         .height('7%')
         .backgroundColor('#FFf1f3f5')
   
         List() {
           ForEach(this.foodItems, item => {
             ListItem() {
               FoodListItem({ foodItem: item })
             }
           }, item => item.id.toString())
         }
         .height('93%')
       }
     }
   }
 ![zh-cn_image_0000001169678922](figures/zh-cn_image_0000001169678922.png)

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