harmony 鸿蒙Customizing Exception Handling Using JSVM-API

2025-06-12
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Customizing Exception Handling Using JSVM-API

Introduction

JSVM-API provides APIs for handling JSVM exceptions. You can use these APIs to register callbacks with a JSVM. When an exception occurs on the JSVM, the registered callback will be triggered. With these APIs, you can customize the handling of critical errors in the JS engine, streamlining error and exception handling during runtime.

Basic Concepts

JSVM-API provides APIs for handling the following errors: - Out-of-memory (OOM) error: You can use JSVM-API to register an OOM handler with a JSVM. When the JSVM encounters insufficient memory, the system will throw an OOM error and call the registered OOM error handler to perform cleanup or logging operations. - Fatal error: You can use JSVM-API to register a fatal error handler with a JSVM. When the JSVM encounters a fatal error, for example, an unrecoverable error while running JS code, the system will throw a fatal error and call the registered handler to output additional log information or report the error instead of allowing the application to crash. - Promise rejection without a catch handler: You can use JSVM-API to register a promise rejection handler with a JSVM. When a promise in JS is rejected without being caught by a catch handler, the system will throw a Promise Reject error and call the registered handler to handle the promise rejection.

Available APIs

API	Description
OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForOOMError	Sets an OOM error handler for a JSVM.
OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForFatalError	Sets a fatal error handler for a JSVM.
OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForPromiseReject	Sets a promise rejection handler for a JSVM.

Example

If you are just starting out with JSVM-API, see JSVM-API Development Process. The following demonstrates only the C++ code involved in exception handling.

OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForOOMError

Call OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForOOMError to set a function for handling the OOM error. If this API is called multiple times, only the last setting takes effect. If NULL is passed in for the function to set in this API, the previously set handler will be canceled.

CPP Code

#include <csetjmp>
#include <vector>

static jmp_buf buf;
static bool oomHandlerFinished = false;

void OnOOMError(const char *location, const char *detail, bool isHeapOOM)
{
    oomHandlerFinished = true;
    longjmp(buf, 1);
}

static JSVM_Value TriggerOOMError(JSVM_Env env, JSVM_CallbackInfo info)
{
    oomHandlerFinished = false;
    JSVM_VM vm;
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_GetVM(env, &vm));
    // Set an OOM error handler.
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForOOMError(vm, OnOOMError));
    bool oomed = false;
    setjmp(buf);
    if (!oomed) {
        oomed = true;
        // Trigger an OOM error.
        std::vector<JSVM_Value> arrayVec;
        int loopCount = 1000;
        for (int i = 0; i < loopCount; i++) {
            JSVM_Value array;
            JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_CreateArrayWithLength(env, 0xffffff, &array));
            arrayVec.push_back(array);
        }
    }
    if (oomHandlerFinished) {
      OH_LOG_INFO(LOG_APP, "JSVM Trigger OOM-Error: success");
    } else {
      OH_LOG_ERROR(LOG_APP, "JSVM Trigger OOM-Error: failed");
    }
    // Cancel the OOM error handler.
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForOOMError(vm, NULL));
    JSVM_Value checked;
    OH_JSVM_GetBoolean(env, true, &checked);
    return checked;
}

static JSVM_CallbackStruct param[] = {
    {.data = nullptr, .callback = TriggerOOMError},
};
static JSVM_CallbackStruct *method = param;

static JSVM_PropertyDescriptor descriptor[] = {
    {"triggerOOMError", nullptr, method++, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, JSVM_DEFAULT},
};

JS Example

const char *srcCallNative = R”JS(triggerOOMError();)JS”;

Execution Result

The following information is displayed in the log:
JSVM Trigger OOM-Error: success

OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForFatalError

Call OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForFatalError to set a function for handling the fatal error. If this API is called multiple times, only the last setting takes effect. If NULL is passed in for the function to set in this API, the previously set handler will be canceled.

CPP Code

#include <csetjmp>
#include <vector>

static jmp_buf buf;
static bool fatalHandlerFinished = false;
void OnFatalError(const char *location, const char *message)
{
    fatalHandlerFinished = true;
    OH_LOG_INFO(LOG_APP, "Run in 106");
    longjmp(buf, 1);
}

static JSVM_Value TriggerFatalError(JSVM_Env env, JSVM_CallbackInfo info)
{
    fatalHandlerFinished = false;
    JSVM_VM vm;
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_GetVM(env, &vm));
    // Set a fatal error handler.
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForFatalError(vm, OnFatalError));
    bool fataled = false;
    setjmp(buf);
    if (!fataled) {
        fataled = true;
        std::vector<JSVM_Value> arrayVec;
        int loopCount = 1000;
        for (int i = 0; i < loopCount; i++) {
            JSVM_Value array;
            JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_CreateArrayWithLength(env, 0xffffff, &array));
            arrayVec.push_back(array);
        }
    }
    if (fatalHandlerFinished) {
      OH_LOG_INFO(LOG_APP, "JSVM Trigger Fatal-Error: success");
    } else {
      OH_LOG_ERROR(LOG_APP, "JSVM Trigger Fatal-Error: failed");
    }
    // Cancel the fatal error handler.
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForFatalError(vm, NULL));
    JSVM_Value checked;
    OH_JSVM_GetBoolean(env, true, &checked);
    return checked;
}

static JSVM_CallbackStruct param[] = {
    {.data = nullptr, .callback = TriggerFatalError},
};
static JSVM_CallbackStruct *method = param;

static JSVM_PropertyDescriptor descriptor[] = {
    {"triggerFatalError", nullptr, method++, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, JSVM_DEFAULT},
};

JS Example

const char* srcCallNative = R”JS(triggerFatalError())JS”;

Execution Result

The following information is displayed in the log:
JSVM Trigger Fatal-Error: success

OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForPromiseReject

Call OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForPromiseReject to set the function for handling promise rejection. If this API is called multiple times, only the last setting takes effect. If NULL is passed in for the function to set in this API, the previously set handler will be canceled.

CPP Code

static bool promiseRejectHandlerFinished = false;

void OnPromiseReject(JSVM_Env env, JSVM_PromiseRejectEvent rejectEvent, JSVM_Value rejectInfo)
{
    bool result;
    OH_JSVM_IsObject(env, rejectInfo, &result);
    JSVM_Value promise;
    JSVM_Value key1;
    OH_JSVM_CreateStringUtf8(env, "promise", JSVM_AUTO_LENGTH, &key1);
    OH_JSVM_GetProperty(env, rejectInfo, key1, &promise);
    bool isPromise = false;
    OH_JSVM_IsPromise(env, promise, &isPromise);
    JSVM_Value value;
    JSVM_Value key2;
    OH_JSVM_CreateStringUtf8(env, "value", JSVM_AUTO_LENGTH, &key2);
    OH_JSVM_GetProperty(env, rejectInfo, key2, &value);
    JSVM_Value js_number;
    OH_JSVM_CoerceToNumber(env, value, &js_number);
    double res;
    OH_JSVM_GetValueDouble(env, js_number, &res);
    if (res == 42 && isPromise) {
        promiseRejectHandlerFinished = true;
    }
}

static JSVM_Value TriggerPromiseReject(JSVM_Env env, JSVM_CallbackInfo info)
{
    promiseRejectHandlerFinished = false;
    JSVM_VM vm;
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_GetVM(env, &vm));
    // Set a Promise-Reject handler.
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForPromiseReject(vm, OnPromiseReject));
    JSVM_Value strVal;
    char *str = "new Promise((resolve, reject) => { reject(42); })";
    OH_JSVM_CreateStringUtf8(env, str, JSVM_AUTO_LENGTH, &strVal);
    JSVM_Script script;
    OH_JSVM_CompileScript(env, strVal, nullptr, 0, false, nullptr, &script);
    JSVM_Value result;
    JSVM_Status status = OH_JSVM_RunScript(env, script, &result);
    
    if (promiseRejectHandlerFinished) {
      OH_LOG_INFO(LOG_APP, "JSVM Trigger PromiseReject: success");
    } else {
      OH_LOG_ERROR(LOG_APP, "JSVM Trigger PromiseReject: failed");
    }
    // Cancel the Promise-Reject handler.
    JSVM_CALL(OH_JSVM_SetHandlerForPromiseReject(vm, NULL));
    JSVM_Value checked;
    OH_JSVM_GetBoolean(env, true, &checked);
    return checked;
}

static JSVM_CallbackStruct param[] = {
    {.data = nullptr, .callback = TriggerPromiseReject},
};
static JSVM_CallbackStruct *method = param;

static JSVM_PropertyDescriptor descriptor[] = {
    {"triggerPromiseReject", nullptr, method++, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, JSVM_DEFAULT},
};