harmony 鸿蒙Test
Test
OpenHarmony provides a comprehensive auto-test framework for designing test cases. Detecting defects in the development process can improve code quality.
This document describes how to use the OpenHarmony test framework.
Setting Up the Environment
The test framework depends on Python. Before using the test framework, set up the environment as follows: - Configuring the Environment - Obtaining Source Code
Directory Structure
The directory structure of the test framework is as follows:
test # Test subsystem
├── developertest # Developer test module
│ ├── aw # Static library of the test framework
│ ├── config # Test framework configuration
│ │ │ ...
│ │ └── user_config.xml # User configuration
│ ├── examples # Test case examples
│ ├── src # Source code of the test framework
│ ├── third_party # Adaptation code for third-party components on which the test framework depends
│ ├── reports # Test reports
│ ├── BUILD.gn # Build entry of the test framework
│ ├── start.bat # Test entry for Windows
│ └── start.sh # Test entry for Linux
└── xdevice # Modules on which the test framework depends
Writing Test Cases
Designing the Test Case Directory
Design the test case directory as follows:
subsystem # Subsystem
├── partA # Part A
│ ├── moduleA # Module A
│ │ ├── include
│ │ ├── src # Service code
│ │ └── test # Test directory
│ │ ├── unittest # Unit tests
│ │ │ ├── common # Common test cases
│ │ │ │ ├── BUILD.gn # Build file of test cases
│ │ │ │ └── testA_test.cpp # Source code of unit test cases
│ │ │ ├── phone # Test cases for smart phones
│ │ │ ├── ivi # Test cases for head units
│ │ │ └── liteos-a # Test cases for IP cameras that use the LiteOS kernel
│ │ ├── moduletest # Module tests
│ │ ...
│ │
│ ├── moduleB # Module B
│ ├── test
│ │ └── resource # Dependencies
│ │ ├── moduleA # Module A
│ │ │ ├── ohos_test.xml # Resource configuration file
│ │ ... └── 1.txt # Resource file
│ │
│ ├── ohos_build # Build entry configuration
│ ...
│
...
NOTE
Test cases are classified into common test cases and device-specific test cases. You are advised to place common test cases in the common directory and device-specific test cases in the directories of the related devices.
Writing Test Cases
This test framework supports test cases written in multiple programming languages and provides different templates for different languages.
C++ Test Case Example
Naming rules for source files
The source file name of test cases must be the same as that of the test suite. The file names must use lowercase letters and in the [Function]_[Sub-function]_test format. More specific sub-functions can be added as required.
Example:
calculator_sub_test.cppTest case example “`
#include “calculator.h” #include
using namespace testing::ext;
class CalculatorSubTest : public testing::Test { public: static void SetUpTestCase(void); static void TearDownTestCase(void); void SetUp(); void TearDown(); };
void CalculatorSubTest::SetUpTestCase(void) { // Set a setup function, which will be called before all test cases. }
void CalculatorSubTest::TearDownTestCase(void) { // Set a teardown function, which will be called after all test cases. }
void CalculatorSubTest::SetUp(void) { // Set a setup function, which will be called before each test case. }
void CalculatorSubTest::TearDown(void) { // Set a teardown function, which will be called after each test case. }
/**
@tc.name: integer_sub_001
@tc.desc: Verify the sub function.
@tc.type: FUNC
@tc.require: Issue Number */ HWTEST_F(CalculatorSubTest, integer_sub_001, TestSize.Level1) { // Step 1 Call the function to obtain the result. int actual = Sub(4, 0);
// Step 2 Use an assertion to compare the obtained result with the expected result. EXPECT_EQ(4, actual); } “` The procedure is as follows:
Add comment information to the test case file header.
Enter the header comment in the standard format. For details, see Code Specifications.
Add the test framework header file and namespace.
#include <gtest/gtest.h> using namespace testing::ext;Add the header file of the test class.
#include "calculator.h"Define the test suite (test class).
class CalculatorSubTest : public testing::Test { public: static void SetUpTestCase(void); static void TearDownTestCase(void); void SetUp(); void TearDown(); }; void CalculatorSubTest::SetUpTestCase(void) { // Set a setup function, which will be called before all test cases. } void CalculatorSubTest::TearDownTestCase(void) { // Set a teardown function, which will be called after all test cases. } void CalculatorSubTest::SetUp(void) { // Set a setup function, which will be called before each test case. } void CalculatorSubTest::TearDown(void) { // Set a teardown function, which will be called after each test case. }NOTE
When defining a test suite, ensure that the test suite name is the same as the target to build and uses the upper camel case style.Add implementation of the test cases, including test case comments and logic. “` /**
@tc.name: integer_sub_001
@tc.desc: Verify the sub function.
@tc.type: FUNC
@tc.require: Issue Number */ HWTEST_F(CalculatorSubTest, integer_sub_001, TestSize.Level1) { // Step 1 Call the function to obtain the test result. int actual = Sub(4, 0);
// Step 2 Use an assertion to compare the obtained result with the expected result. EXPECT_EQ(4, actual); } “` The following test case templates are provided for your reference.
| Template| Description| |————|————| |HWTEST(A,B,C)|Use this template if the test case execution does not depend on setup or teardown.| |HWTEST_F(A,B,C)|Use this template if the test case execution (excluding parameters) depends on setup and teardown.| |HWTEST_P(A,B,C)|Use this template if the test case execution (including parameters) depends on setup and teardown.|
In the template names:A indicates the test suite name.
B indicates the test case name, which is in the Function_No. format. The No. is a three-digit number starting from 001.
C indicates the test case level. There are five test case levels: guard-control level 0 and non-guard-control level 1 to level 4. Of levels 1 to 4, a smaller value indicates a more important function verified by the test case.
NOTE
The expected result of each test case must have an assertion.
The test case level must be specified.
It is recommended that the test be implemented step by step according to the template.
The comment must contain the test case name, description, type, and requirement number. The test case description must be in the @tc.xxx format.
The test case type @tc.type can be any of the following.
Test Case Type Code Function test FUNC Performance Test PERF Reliability test RELI Security test SECU Fuzz test FUZZ
JavaScript Test Case Example
Naming rules for source files
The source file name of a test case must be in the [Function][Sub-function]Test format, and each part must use the upper camel case style. More specific sub-functions can be added as required.
Example:
AppInfoTest.jsTest case example
”`ts import app from ‘@system.app’
import {describe, beforeAll, beforeEach, afterEach, afterAll, it, expect} from ‘@ohos/hypium’
describe(“AppInfoTest”, () => { beforeAll(() => { // Set a setup function, which will be called before all test cases. console.info(‘beforeAll called’) })
afterAll(() => { // Set a teardown function, which will be called after all test cases. console.info(‘afterAll called’) })
beforeEach(() => { // Set a setup function, which will be called before each test case. console.info(‘beforeEach called’) })
afterEach(() => { // Set a teardown function, which will be called after each test case. console.info(‘afterEach called’) })
/*
@tc.name:appInfoTest001
@tc.desc:verify app info is not null
@tc.type: FUNC
@tc.require: Issue Number */ it(“appInfoTest001”, 0, () => { // Step 1 Call the function to obtain the test result. let info = app.getInfo()
// Step 2 Use an assertion to compare the obtained result with the expected result. expect(info != null).assertEqual(true) }) }) “`
The procedure is as follows: 1. Add comment information to the test case file header.
Enter the header comment in the standard format. For details, see Code Specifications.
- Import the APIs and JSUnit test library to test.
import app from '@system.app'
import {describe, beforeAll, beforeEach, afterEach, afterAll, it, expect} from '@ohos/hypium'
- Define the test suite (test class).
import app from '@system.app'
import {describe, beforeAll, beforeEach, afterEach, afterAll, it, expect} from '@ohos/hypium'
describe("AppInfoTest", () => {
beforeAll(() => {
// Set a setup function, which will be called before all test cases.
console.info('beforeAll called')
})
afterAll(() => {
// Set a teardown function, which will be called after all test cases.
console.info('afterAll called')
})
beforeEach(() => {
// Set a setup function, which will be called before each test case.
console.info('beforeEach called')
})
afterEach(() => {
// Set a teardown function, which will be called after each test case.
console.info('afterEach called')
})
})
- Add implementation of the test cases. “`ts import app from ‘@system.app’
import {describe, it, expect} from ‘@ohos/hypium’ describe(“AppInfoTest”, () => { /* * @tc.name:appInfoTest001 * @tc.desc:verify app info is not null * @tc.type: FUNC * @tc.require: Issue Number */ it(“appInfoTest001”, 0, () => { // Step 1 Call the function to obtain the test result. let info = app.getInfo()
// Step 2 Use an assertion to compare the obtained result with the expected result.
expect(info != null).assertEqual(true)
}) })
### Writing the Build File for Test Cases
When a test case is executed, the test framework searches for the build file of the test case in the test case directory and builds the test case located. The following describes how to write build files (GN files) in different programming languages.
#### Writing Build Files for Test Cases
The following provides templates for different languages for your reference.
- **Test case build file example (C++)**
```c++
import("//build/test.gni")
module_output_path = "subsystem_examples/calculator"
config("module_private_config") {
visibility = [ ":*" ]
include_dirs = [ "../../../include" ]
}
ohos_unittest("CalculatorSubTest") {
module_out_path = module_output_path
sources = [
"../../../include/calculator.h",
"../../../src/calculator.cpp",
]
sources += [ "calculator_sub_test.cpp" ]
configs = [ ":module_private_config" ]
deps = [ "//third_party/googletest:gtest_main" ]
}
group("unittest") {
testonly = true
deps = [":CalculatorSubTest"]
}
```
The procedure is as follows:
1. Add comment information for the file header.
Enter the header comment in the standard format. For details, see [Code Specifications](https://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/en/contribute/code-contribution.md).
2. Import the build template.
```
import("//build/test.gni")
```
3. Specify the file output path.
```
module_output_path = "subsystem_examples/calculator"
```
> **NOTE**<br>The output path is ***Part name*/*Module name***.
4. Configure the directories for dependencies.
```
config("module_private_config") {
visibility = [ ":*" ]
include_dirs = [ "../../../include" ]
}
```
> **NOTE**<br>Generally, the dependency directories are configured here and directly referenced in the build script of the test case.
5. Set the output build file for the test cases.
```
ohos_unittest("CalculatorSubTest") {
}
```
6. Write the build script (add the source file, configuration, and dependencies) for the test cases.
```
ohos_unittest("CalculatorSubTest") {
module_out_path = module_output_path
sources = [
"../../../include/calculator.h",
"../../../src/calculator.cpp",
"../../../test/calculator_sub_test.cpp"
]
sources += [ "calculator_sub_test.cpp" ]
configs = [ ":module_private_config" ]
deps = [ "//third_party/googletest:gtest_main" ]
}
```
> **NOTE**<br>Set the test type based on actual requirements. The following test types are available:
>
> - **ohos_unittest**: unit test
> - **ohos_moduletest**: module test
> - **ohos_systemtest**: system test
> - **ohos_performancetest**: performance test
> - **ohos_securitytest**: security test
> - **ohos_reliabilitytest**: reliability test
> - **ohos_distributedtest**: distributed test
7. Group the test case files by test type.
```
group("unittest") {
testonly = true
deps = [":CalculatorSubTest"]
}
```
> **NOTE**<br>Grouping test cases by test type allows you to execute a specific type of test cases when required.
- **Test case build file example (JavaScript)**
```
import("//build/test.gni")
module_output_path = "subsystem_examples/app_info"
ohos_js_unittest("GetAppInfoJsTest") {
module_out_path = module_output_path
hap_profile = "./config.json"
certificate_profile = "//test/developertest/signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
}
group("unittest") {
testonly = true
deps = [ ":GetAppInfoJsTest" ]
}
```
The procedure is as follows:
1. Add comment information for the file header.
Enter the header comment in the standard format. For details, see [Code Specifications](https://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/en/contribute/code-contribution.md).
2. Import the build template.
```
import("//build/test.gni")
```
3. Specify the file output path.
```
module_output_path = "subsystem_examples/app_info"
```
> **NOTE**<br>The output path is ***Part name*/*Module name***.
4. Set the output build file for the test cases.
```
ohos_js_unittest("GetAppInfoJsTest") {
}
```
> **NOTE**<br>
>- Use the **ohos\_js\_unittest** template to define the JavaScript test suite. Pay attention to the difference between JavaScript and C++.
>- The file generated for the JavaScript test suite must be in .hap format and named after the test suite name defined here. The test suite name must end with **JsTest**.
5. Configure the **config.json** file and signature file, which are mandatory.
```
ohos_js_unittest("GetAppInfoJsTest") {
module_out_path = module_output_path
hap_profile = "./config.json"
certificate_profile = "//test/developertest/signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
}
```
**config.json** is the configuration file required for HAP build. You need to set **target** based on the tested SDK version. Default values can be retained for other items. The following is an example:
```
{
"app": {
"bundleName": "com.example.myapplication",
"vendor": "example",
"version": {
"code": 1,
"name": "1.0"
},
"apiVersion": {
"compatible": 4,
"target": 5 // Set it based on the tested SDK version. In this example, SDK5 is used.
}
},
"deviceConfig": {},
"module": {
"package": "com.example.myapplication",
"name": ".MyApplication",
"deviceType": [
"phone"
],
"distro": {
"deliveryWithInstall": true,
"moduleName": "entry",
"moduleType": "entry"
},
"abilities": [
{
"skills": [
{
"entities": [
"entity.system.home"
],
"actions": [
"action.system.home"
]
}
],
"name": "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility",
"icon": "$media:icon",
"description": "$string:mainability_description",
"label": "MyApplication",
"type": "page",
"launchType": "standard"
}
],
"js": [
{
"pages": [
"pages/index/index"
],
"name": "default",
"window": {
"designWidth": 720,
"autoDesignWidth": false
}
}
]
}
}
```
6. Group the test case files by test type.
```
group("unittest") {
testonly = true
deps = [ ":GetAppInfoJsTest" ]
}
```
> **NOTE**<br>Grouping test cases by test type allows you to execute a specific type of test cases when required.
#### Configuring ohos.build
Configure the part build file to associate with specific test cases.
“partA”: { “module_list”: [
],
"inner_list": [
],
"system_kits": [
],
"test_list": [
"//system/subsystem/partA/calculator/test:unittest" // Configure test under calculator.
]
}
> **NOTE**<br>**test_list** contains the test cases of the corresponding module.
### Configuring Test Case Resources
Test case resources include external file resources, such as image files, video files, and third-party libraries, required for test case execution.
Perform the following steps:
1. Create the **resource** directory in the **test** directory of the part, and create a directory for the module in the **resource** directory to store resource files of the module.
2. In the module directory under **resource**, create the **ohos_test.xml** file in the following format:
```
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration ver="2.0">
<target name="CalculatorSubTest">
<preparer>
<option name="push" value="test.jpg -> /data/test/resource" src="res"/>
<option name="push" value="libc++.z.so -> /data/test/resource" src="out"/>
</preparer>
</target>
</configuration>
```
3. In the build file of the test cases, configure **resource\_config\_file** to point to the resource file **ohos\_test.xml**.
```
ohos_unittest("CalculatorSubTest") {
resource_config_file = "//system/subsystem/partA/test/resource/calculator/ohos_test.xml"
}
```
>**NOTE**<br>
>- **target_name** indicates the test suite name defined in the **BUILD.gn** file in the **test** directory.
>- **preparer** indicates the action to perform before the test suite is executed.
>- **src="res"** indicates that the test resources are in the **resource** directory under the **test** directory.
>- **src="out"** indicates that the test resources are in the **out/release/$(*part*)** directory.
## Executing Test Cases
Before executing test cases, you need to modify the configuration based on the device used.
### Modifying user_config.xml
>**NOTE**<br>If HDC is connected to the device before the test cases are executed, you only need to configure the device IP address and port number, and retain the default settings for other parameters.
### Executing Test Cases on Windows
#### Building Test Cases
Test cases cannot be built on Windows. You need to run the following command to build test cases on Linux:
./build.sh –product-name hispark_taurus_standard –build-target make_test
When the build is complete, the test cases are automatically saved in **out/hispark_taurus/packages/phone/images/tests**.
>**NOTE**<br>**hispark_taurus_standard** indicates the product supported by the current version, and **make_test** indicates all test cases. You can set the build options based on requirements:
> - --**product-name** specifies the name of the product to build. It is mandatory.
> - --**build-target** specifies the target to build. It is optional.
#### Setting Up the Execution Environment
1. On Windows, create the **Test** directory in the test framework and then create the **testcase** directory in the **Test** directory.
2. Copy **developertest** and **xdevice** from the Linux environment to the **Test** directory on Windows, and copy the test cases to the **testcase** directory.
> **NOTE**<br>
>
> Port the test framework and test cases from the Linux environment to the Windows environment for subsequent execution.
3. Modify the **user_config.xml** file.
```
<build>
<!-- Because the test cases have been built, change the value to false. -->
<testcase>false</testcase>
</build>
<test_cases>
<!-- The test cases are copied to the Windows environment. Change the test case output path to the path of the test cases in the Windows environment.-->
<dir>D:\Test\testcase\tests</dir>
</test_cases>
```
>**NOTE**<br>`<testcase>` indicates whether to build test cases. `<dir>` indicates the path for searching for test cases.
#### Executing Test Cases
1. Start the test framework.
```
start.bat
```
2. Select the product.
After the test framework starts, you are asked to select a product. Select the development board to test, for example, **Hi3516DV300**.
3. Execute test cases.
Run the following command to execute test cases:
```
run -t UT -ts CalculatorSubTest -tc integer_sub_00l
```
In the command:
```
-t [TESTTYPE]: specifies the test type, which can be UT, MST, ST, or PERF. This parameter is mandatory.
-tp [TESTPART]: specifies the part to test. This parameter can be used independently.
-tm [TESTMODULE]: specifies the module to test. This parameter must be used together with -tp.
-ts [TESTSUITE]: specifies a test suite. This parameter can be used independently.
-tc [TESTCASE]: specifies a test case. This parameter must be used together with -ts.
You can run -h to display help information.
```
### Executing Test Cases on Linux
#### Mapping the Remote Port
To enable test cases to be executed on a remote Linux server or a Linux VM, map the port to enable communication between the device and the remote server or VM. Configure port mapping as follows:
1. On the HDC server, run the following commands:
```
hdc_std kill
hdc_std -m -s 0.0.0.0:8710
```
>**NOTE**<br>The IP address and port number are default values.
2. On the HDC client, run the following command:
```
hdc_std -s xx.xx.xx.xx:8710 list targets
```
>**NOTE**<br>Enter the IP address of the device to test.
#### Executing Test Cases
1. Start the test framework.
```
./start.sh
```
2. Select the product.
After the test framework starts, you are asked to select a product. Select the development board to test, for example, **Hi3516DV300**.
3. Execute test cases.
The test framework locates the test cases based on the command, and automatically builds and executes the test cases.
```
run -t UT -ts CalculatorSubTest -tc interger_sub_00l
```
In the command:
```
-t [TESTTYPE]: specifies the test type, which can be UT, MST, ST, or PERF. This parameter is mandatory.
-tp [TESTPART]: specifies the part to test. This parameter can be used independently.
-tm [TESTMODULE]: specifies the module to test. This parameter must be used together with -tp.
-ts [TESTSUITE]: specifies a test suite. This parameter can be used independently.
-tc [TESTCASE]: specifies a test case. This parameter must be used together with -ts.
You can run -h to display help information.
```
## Viewing the Test Report
After the test cases are executed, the test result will be automatically generated. You can view the detailed test result in the related directory.
### Test Result
You can obtain the test result in the following directory:
test/developertest/reports/xxxx_xx_xx_xx_xx_xx
>**NOTE**<br>The folder for test reports is automatically generated.
The folder contains the following files:
|Type|Description|
|------------|------------|
|result/|Test cases in standard format|
|log/plan_log_xxxx_xx_xx_xx_xx_xx.log|Test case logs|
|summary_report.html|Test report summary|
|details_report.html|Detailed test report|
### Test Framework Logs
reports/platform_log_xxxx_xx_xx_xx_xx_xx.log
### Latest Test Report
reports/latest “`
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